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 摘要： [Objectives] To analyze the differences in medicinal component contents of Magnolia officinalis across different altitude gradients and explore their causes. [Methods] In this experiment, M. officinalis trees aged 15-20 years growing at four altitudes (1 301, 1 444, 1 573, and 1 643 m) were selected as experimental materials. Leaf traits, soil physicochemical properties, and medicinal component contents were investigated, and the relationships among leaf traits, soil physicochemical properties, and medicinal components were analyzed. [Results] With increasing altitude, the specific leaf area (SLA) of M. officinalis significantly increased, while stomatal density, vein density, leaf thickness, and mesophyll tissue thickness decreased. Soil total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), available nitrogen (AN), and organic matter contents (OM) decreased significantly with altitude, whereas available potassium (AK) showed the opposite trend. The contents of medicinal components magnolol and honokiol in M. officinalis also significantly decreased with altitude. Correlation analysis revealed that, in addition to altitude, soil physicochemical properties (pH, TP, OM) and leaf traits (leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness, SLA) were significantly correlated with magnolol and honokiol contents. [Conclusions] M. officinalis at lower altitudes exhibited better growth and higher magnolol and honokiol contents, which may be attributed to higher soil nutrient availability in low-altitude regions. This study provides guidance for selecting cultivation sites and optimizing planting patterns for M. officinalis.

 摘要： [Objectives] To investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant property, and nematicidal activity of Cucumis metuliferus and establish a theoretical foundation for the development of botanical nematicides. [Methods] The compounds were isolated and purified using silica gel, reversed-phase medium, low-pressure gel Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Their identification was based on physicochemical properties, various spectral analyses, and data reported in the literature. Subsequently, the nematicidal and antioxidant activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated. [Results] A total of four compounds were isolated from C. metuliferus, which were identified as isovitexin-2’’-O-glucoside (compound 1), 9E,11E-(13-oxo) tridecadienoic acid (compound 2), 2E,4E-tridecadienedioic acid (compound 3), and 9E,11E-(13-hydroxy) tridecadienoic acid (compound 4). Compound 1 demonstrated a notable degree of antioxidant activity, achieving a DPPH scavenging rate of 49.40% at a mass concentration of 1 mg/mL. Additionally, compounds 1, 3, and 4 exhibited varying levels of nematicidal activity. Specifically, compound 1 displayed strong nematicidal activity at a concentration of 2.0 mg/mL, resulting in a mortality rate of 90.5% against nematodes. Furthermore, compounds 3 and 4 achieved a mortality rate of 100% against nematodes at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL. [Conclusions] This study reports the first isolation of four compounds: isovitexin-2’’-O-glucoside, 9E,11E-(13-oxo) tridecadienoic acid, 2E,4E-tridecadienedioic acid, and 9E,11E-(13-hydroxy) tridecadienoic acid from C. metuliferus. Notably, 2E,4E-tridecadienedioic acid and 9E,11E-(13-oxo) tridecadienoic acid are identified as novel natural products. Among these compounds, isovitexin-2’’-O-glucoside, 9E,11E-(13-oxo) tridecadienoic acid, and 9E,11E-(13-hydroxy) tridecadienoic acid exhibit nematicidal activity, whereas isovitexin-2’’-O-glucoside demonstrates antioxidant properties.

 摘要： [Objectives] To optimize the crystallization process of ceftriaxone sodium using response surface methodology (RSM) for enhancing both the crystallization rate and the quality of the final product. [Methods] Four key factors, including crystallization temperature, stirring speed, solvent drop rate, and seed crystal content, were employed as independent variables, while the crystallization rate served as the response variable. The Box-Behnken response surface method was utilized for the optimization design. [Results] The optimal parameters for the crystallization process, determined through optimization, were as follows: a temperature of 10.6 ℃, a stirring rate of 150 rpm, a solvent drop rate of 1.50 mL/min, and a seed crystal content of 0.12 g. Validation tests conducted under these conditions yielded an average crystallization rate of 94.38% for the refined product. [Conclusions] The crystallization efficiency of ceftriaxone sodium is markedly enhanced, thereby offering substantial support for its industrial production and clinical application.

 摘要： [Objectives] To explore the effects of fermentation process on the content and functions of flavonoids in Gardenia jasminoides. [Methods] G. jasminoides was fermented by microorganisms, and the fermentation process of total flavonoids from G. jasminoides was optimized, and the antioxidant activity and hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of the fermentation broth were tested. [Results] The best strain for fermentation of total flavonoids in G. jasminoides was Bacillus subtilis. The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows: the solid-liquid ratio was 1：30, the inoculation amount was 2%, and the fermentation time was 24 h. Under these fermentation conditions, the content of total flavonoids in G. jasminoides reached 36.90 mg/g, which was 45.22% higher than that of the control group without microbial fermentation, and it had good DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability, and the inhibition ability of hyaluronidase after fermentation was also improved. [Conclusions] This study provides a technical reference for the comprehensive application of G. jasminoides.

 摘要： [Objectives] To optimize the extraction process of Damp-clearing Mixture and establish the quality control indicators. [Methods] The extraction process of Coicis Semen Damp-clearing Mixture was optimized by L₉(3⁴) orthogonal design with the content of total flavonoids and the dry yield rate as the evaluation indicators, and the amount of water, extraction time and extraction times as the factors, to determine the formation process of Coicis Semen Damp-clearing Mixture. In addition, the quality of the mixture was studied by thin layer chromatography (TLC). [Results] The optimal extraction process of Coicis Semen Damp-clearing Mixture was as follows: decocting twice, one hour each time, adding 8 times of water in the first time and 6 times of water in the second time, standing the extract in a cool place, adding 0.1% steviosin to facilitate the formation of the mixture; Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Dendrophenol in the mixture were well separated by TLC with good reproducibility and specificity. [Conclusions] The preparation process and quality control indicators determined by the experiment are reasonable and feasible. It can provide a reference for the pilot production and quality standards of Coicis Semen Damp-clearing Mixture.

 摘要： [Objectives] To investigate optimal storage methods and shelf life determination for several representative bagged traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoctions under centralized preparation conditions in intelligent TCM pharmacies. [Methods] First, the nourishing formula was prepared and packaged in bags. Under the three storage conditions of 37 ℃ before cold storage (including full high temperature), cold storage before 37 ℃ (including full cold storage), and alternating 37 ℃ and cold storage, the 30 d cycle was investigated to determine the total microbial colony count, so as to determine a reasonable storage method of traditional Chinese medicine decoction. Secondly, five representative prescriptions were prepared and packaged in bags, stored under 37 ℃, room temperature and cold conditions. The investigation period was 30 d. The pH, total bacterial count and soluble solid content were measured, and the changes of each index were analyzed to obtain the shelf life of the bagged Chinese medicine decoction. [Results] First, the nourishing formula was investigated for 30 d. The microbial results of refrigeration after 1-2 d of 37 ℃, complete refrigeration and 37 ℃ cooling with an alternate interval of 2 d or less met the requirements, while the microbial results of refrigeration after 3 d or above of 37 ℃, refrigeration after 1-5 d and then 37 ℃, complete 37 ℃, 37 ℃ and cooling with an alternate interval of 3 d or above excessive microorganism. Second, under the condition of 37 ℃ storage, the pH of the five prescriptions decreased significantly, the total microbial colonies exceeded the standard, and the solid content decreased significantly. However, under the condition of room temperature and cold storage, the pH, total microbial colonies, and solid content of the five prescriptions remained stable. [Conclusions] The first is to refrigerate the decoction after 1-2 d of 37 ℃, completely refrigerate it, and refrigerate the decoction with an alternate interval of 2 d or less at 37 ℃. The shelf life can last for 30 d. Several storage conditions are conducive to guiding the development of the storage mode of the decoction. Second, under the conditions of cold storage, all the indexes were stable, and the shelf life of the five representative formulas was 30 d.

 摘要： [Objectives] To identify Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawler.) Miers by microscope and ultraviolet spectrum. [Methods] The paraffin section, slide section and freehand section were used to make the cross section of the stem and leaf, and the surface of the leaf and the powder of the root, stem and leaf were made by the conventional method, which were observed under the optical microscope. Ultraviolet-visible spectrum identification was carried out according to a conventional method. [Results] The microscopic identification and ultraviolet-visible absorption characteristics of P. venusta (Ker-Gawler) Miers were described in detail. [Conclusions] This study is expected to provide a reference for the identification of P. venusta (Ker-Gawler) Miers and the establishment of the related quality standard.

 摘要： [Objectives] To explore the possible targets of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in NLRP3/IFITM3/γ-secretase pathway through regulating iron homeostasis and the potential mechanism of anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD). [Methods] Firstly, the active components and related targets of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction were predicted in the database of Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and the targets of AD were collected from Genecards, OMIM and MalaCards databases. Genes inhibiting iron homeostasis were obtained from the ferroptosis Database (FerrDB). Then, Huanglian Jiedu Decoction the interactive genes of the active component target, the AD target and the iron homeostasis target. Next, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of interactive genes was constructed, and the software Cytoscape 3.9.1 was used to visualize and screen out the key active components and target genes. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed. [Results] A total of 51 Huanglian Jiedu Decoction components and 247 potential protein targets were identified, including 1942 AD targets, 369 iron homeostasis regulatory genes, and 18 intersection targets. Eleven key targets including CDKN2A, MAPK1, TGFβ1, MAPK14, TP53, EGFR, GSK3β, PTEN, HIF1α, HMOX1 and PRKCα were identified by PPI network analysis. [Conclusions] In the regulation of iron homeostasis in AD by Huanglian Jiedu Decoction, CDKN2A, MAPK1, TGFβ1, MAPK14, TP53, EGFR, GSK3β, PTEN, HIF1α, HMOX1 and PRKCα may be involved, involving ErbB signaling pathway, endocrine resistance signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway and so on.

 摘要： [Objectives] To investigate the effect of extract A from Blumea megacephala (Randeria) Chang et Tseng on the hemostasis of postpartum uterine hemorrhage in early pregnancy rats. [Methods] 12 mg/kg of mifepristone and 120 μg/kg of misoprostol were used to establish the uterine bleeding model of early pregnancy rats, and the effects of the drugs on the amount of uterine bleeding, the contents of angiotensin II (Ang-II) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) in serum, the four factors of coagulation, platelet adhesion, platelet aggregation and platelet number were investigated. [Results] Extract A can shorten prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in rats. It can reduce the amount of uterine bleeding in the model, reduce the contents of PGE₂ and Ang-II, reduce APTT and PT, increase the content of fibrinogen FIB, enhance platelet adhesion, enhance platelet aggregation and increase the number of platelets. [Conclusions] Extract A has obvious hemostatic effect on uterine bleeding model of early pregnancy rats. It may play a hemostatic role by affecting vasoconstriction-dilation, coagulation factors in the blood’s internal and external coagulation system, platelet adhesion and aggregation, increasing FIB content, increasing platelet number, affecting uterine bleeding, etc., showing the characteristics of multiple pathways and multiple targets.