 摘要： [Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the physiological and blood physiological and biochemical indicator characteristics of Hu sheep raised in the Zizhong area of Sichuan Province in autumn. [Methods] Ten adult male and ten adult female Hu sheep were selected as research subjects, and their physiological indicators as well as blood physiological and biochemical indicators were determined. [Results] The body temperature of rams was significantly higher than that of ewes (P < 0.05), while the heart rate of ewes was significantly higher than that of rams (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in respiratory rate between rams and ewes (P > 0.05). Eleven blood physiological indicators, including total white blood cell count, total red blood cell count, total platelet count, lymphocyte count, and hemoglobin content, showed no significant differences between rams and ewes (P > 0.05). The creatinine content in rams was significantly higher than that in ewes (P < 0.05), while the urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio in ewes was significantly higher than that in rams (P < 0.05). Fourteen blood biochemical indicators, including glucose, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, and albumin, showed no significant differences between rams and ewes (P > 0.05). [Conclusions] The indicators of housed Hu sheep in autumn in the Zizhong area were generally within normal physiological ranges, providing support for healthy breeding and physiological adaptability of Hu sheep in this area. 

 摘要： Eastern Henan (including Shangqiu, Xiayi, Yucheng, Lankao, and surrounding areas) is located in the hinterland of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, with abundant light and heat resources and soil types suitable for watermelon growth. “Xiayi Watermelon”, as a National Geographical Indication agricultural product, is predominantly cultivated in the early-spring open-field small-arch-tunnel model, which is the leading high-efficiency cultivation system in the region. This model features low input costs and early market availability, maturing 25 to 35 days earlier than conventional open-field cultivation, with significant economic advantages. However, the spring climate in eastern Henan is highly variable, with frequent late spring frosts, strong winds, and intermittent rainy weather. In addition, long-term continuous cropping in traditional production areas and varying levels of standardized management among growers have led to prominent problems, including poor seedling quality, extensive temperature and humidity management, frequent malformed and cracked fruits, worsening soilborne diseases, and irrational water and fertilizer management. Based on the climatic characteristics, soil conditions, and years of field experiment and demonstration experience in eastern Henan, this paper systematically summarizes the standardized cultivation techniques for the entire process of early-spring small-arch-tunnel watermelon production, analyzes existing production shortcomings, and proposes corresponding optimization measures. The aim is to improve the marketable fruit rate, fruit quality, and yield per unit area of watermelon, and promote the green, sustainable, and high-quality development of the early-spring watermelon industry in eastern Henan. This paper provides technical references for watermelon cultivation in similar ecological regions of the Huang-Huai area.

 摘要： Premature bolting in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a major obstacle in spring radish production, severely reducing the commercial quality and economic value of the fleshy root. This paper systematically reviews the developmental process of radish bolting, molecular and genetic regulatory mechanisms, physiological and biochemical basis, and environmental interaction effects. It focuses on the structure and function of the FLC gene family (a key repressor in the vernalization pathway), the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, and the key regulatory gene RsMIPS3 identified based on T2T genome analysis. In addition, the paper summarizes the research progress in screening for boltingtolerant germplasm, markerassisted selection breeding, and gene editing technologies, and introduces representative boltingtolerant varieties developed in recent years. The challenges currently facing research and future development directions are also discussed, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for the genetic improvement and production application of bolting traits in radish.

 摘要： Watermelon is an important economic horticultural crop in China, with considerable planting-related benefits and huge market consumption demand. With the continuous advancement of large-scale and intensive cultivation, inherent drawbacks of traditional cultivation modes have become increasingly prominent. Problems including aggravated continuous-cropping obstacles, high incidence of soil-borne diseases, low standardization of cultivation, homogenized variety structure, insufficient quality stability, lagging mechanization level, and unbalanced production-marketing connection restrict the high-quality development of the industry. This paper combines the production practices in major watermelon-producing areas in China to systematically sort out the prominent difficulties existing in current watermelon cultivation. Targeted technical countermeasures are proposed from the perspectives of variety optimization, soil remediation, green plant protection, standardized cultivation, equipment upgrading and industrial-chain construction. This study aims to promote the transformation of watermelon cultivation from extensive production to high-quality, green, efficient and sustainable development, and provide theoretical reference and practical support for improving quality and efficiency of melon growers and revitalizing the characteristic fruit industry.

 摘要： [Objectives] This study investigated the transformation of heavy metals during anaerobic digestion of excess sludge with alkali residue addition. [Methods] Two types of solid waste, i.e., excess sludge from a wastewater treatment plant and alkali residue from the ammonia-soda process, were selected as research objects. The effects of adding alkali residue calcined at 800 °C (AR800) on the speciation distribution and potential mobility of Zn, Cu, Cr, and As during anaerobic digestion were investigated. [Results] The speciation of heavy metals in the raw sludge varied significantly, and the stability ranked as Cr > As > Cu > Zn. After the addition of AR800, the stable fractions of all heavy metals in the digested sludge increased. The proportions of stable fractions of various metal reached their peak values on day 7 of anaerobic digestion. The differences in heavy metal fraction distribution were small under different dosages (2%, 5%, 8%). Considering both stabilization performance and economic cost comprehensively, 2% was selected as the optimal dosage. After digestion, the ratios of unstable-to-stable fractions for Zn, Cu, Cr and As decreased from 2.17, 0.35, 0.08 and 0.16 to 0.69, 0.04, 0.02 and 0.05, respectively. It indicates that alkali residue addition can effectively reduce the potential mobility of heavy metals. Mechanistically, alkaline substances increase the surface charge of digested sludge and promote the transformation of heavy metals into more stable fractions. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for the safe land application of digested sludge under the “treating waste with waste” mode.

 摘要： Based on a review of relevant literature and the current status of permanent basic farmland and high-standard farmland construction in Zhoukou City, this study comprehensively discusses the main issues in advancing high-standard farmland construction, including inefficient water resource utilization and irrigation, high pressure on soil quality improvement, insufficient disaster resistance capacity, inadequate long-term management and maintenance mechanisms, and insufficient capital investment and integration. To effectively address these problems, a series of targeted countermeasures are proposed, such as optimizing water resource management and irrigation systems, improving soil quality, enhancing disaster prevention and mitigation capacity, establishing sound long-term management and maintenance mechanisms, and coordinating efficient resource allocation. This study provides a reference for comprehensively advancing high-standard farmland construction. 

 摘要： [Objectives] This study was conducted to clarify the effects of bacteria-enzyme compound preparations and their application methods on rice yield, yield components, growth at the maturation stage, soil nutrients, and economic benefits. [Methods] The medium-late maturing japonica rice variety Runnong 303 was used as the test material, and a field experiment was conducted in Laixi City, Shandong Province. Based on equal amounts of conventional fertilization, three treatments were set up: conventional fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization + one application of compound enzyme preparation at the sowing stage (base fertilizer) (T1), and conventional fertilization + one application of compound enzyme preparation during the basal fertilization+ seven foliar sprays of microbial agent at 10-15 d intervals during the growth period (T2). [Results] The application of the bacteria-enzyme compound preparation significantly increased rice yield, and the effect was enhanced with the application frequency of the microbial agent increasing. The actual yields of T1 and T2 were significantly increased by 11.61% and 27.42%, respectively, compared with the CK, and the yield increase was mainly attributed to the significant increase in the number of grains per panicle. At the maturation stage, the plant height, basal stem diameter, leaf width, and leaf length of T1 and T2 were all significantly greater than those of the CK. At harvest, soil nutrients were significantly improved with the application frequency of the microbial agent increasing. Based on the assumed prices, the net economic benefits of T1 and T2 were increased by 2 626.5 and 4 057.5 yuan/hm², respectively, compared with the CK, and the marginal output-input ratios were 8.96 and 2.54, respectively. In summary, the application of the bacteria-enzyme compound preparation can significantly increase rice yield, improve soil nutrients, and enhance planting economic benefits. Multiple applications of the microbial agent throughout the entire growth period (T2) achieved the greatest total increases in yield, soil fertility, and income, while a single application at the sowing stage (T1) exhibited the highest input-output efficiency. The corresponding application method can be selected according to production objectives. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for the scientific and efficient application of bacteria-enzyme compound preparations. 

 摘要： This study optimized the extraction of total flavonoids from Hamamelis mollis Oliv. and evaluated their tyrosinase inhibitory activity. After petroleum ether defatting, flavonoids were extracted with ethanol. Single-factor experiments and an L9(3⁴) orthogonal design assessed the effects of ethanol concentration, extraction time, solvent-to-material ratio, and temperature on flavonoid yield. Optimal conditions were determined as 50% ethanol, 70 °C, 1.5 h, and a 1:40 (g:ml) ratio, yielding 5.93 mg/g, verified by replicate tests. The crude extract was concentrated and freeze-dried. Tyrosinase was extracted from potato tubers, and inhibition assays using L-tyrosine as substrate and arbutin as positive control showed that the flavonoids inhibited tyrosinase in a concentration-dependent manner, with 58.2% inhibition at 2 mg/ml, exceeding arbutin at certain concentrations. Additionally, the total flavonoids  were tested for cytotoxicity and melanin synthesis inhibition in B16 cells. Data were analyzed by SPSS. The results demonstrate significant tyrosinase inhibition, supporting the potential of H. mollis flavonoids as a natural whitening agent for cosmetic applications. This work provides a foundation for industrial scale-up and further development.

 摘要： Time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) is an advanced mass spectrometric technique characterized by a wide mass range, high resolution and mass accuracy, high sensitivity, and rapid analysis speed. It has been widely applied as a high-end detection tool in the field of rapid screening for hazardous factors in agricultural products. This review summarizes the principles, classification, and characteristics of time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS), as well as its research progress in six application areas: agricultural product additives, contaminants, illegal additives, pesticide residues, veterinary drug residues, and mycotoxins. The future prospects of this technology are also discussed.

 摘要： As emerging contaminants, the transport, fate and ecological risks of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants have become a research hotspot. This paper systematically reviews the occurrence characteristics of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants and their effects on the treatment performance and microbial communities of activated sludge systems. The results indicate that microplastics in wastewater treatment plants are predominantly fibrous, mainly composed of PE, PP, PS, and PVC, with their abundance influenced by treatment processes, geographical regions, and seasonal variations. High-concentration and small-sized microplastics significantly inhibit organic matter removal in the system. Different types of microplastics exhibit differentiated effects on nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Long-term exposure to high-concentration microplastics reduces the abundance of functional bacteria, disrupts microbial community structure, and leads to deterioration of sludge performance. In contrast, low-concentration microplastics have relatively minor effects on the system, and some microplastics may serve as microbial carriers influencing community succession.