 摘要： [Objectives] The 14-3-3 proteins are a class of highly conserved adapter proteins in eukaryotes that play a central role in signal transduction by recognizing phosphorylated target proteins and are crucial for plant growth and development. Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) is an important woody grain crop in China. This study aimed to systematically identify the 14-3-3 gene family in chestnut and investigate their fundamental characteristics and functional clues, thereby laying a foundation for further elucidating the biological functions of this family in Chinese chestnut. [Methods] Using a combination of bioinformatics and molecular biology approaches, we conducted a comprehensive identification of the 14-3-3 family members in Chinese chestnut. Subsequently, we systematically analyzed their physicochemical properties, gene structures, conserved domains and motifs, gene duplication events, phylogenetic relationships, tissue-specific expression patterns, and codon usage bias. [Results] A total of nine 14-3-3 family members, designated CmGRF1 to CmGRF9, were identified and classified into two subgroups: epsilon (5 members) and non-epsilon (4 members). All CmGRF proteins were predicted to be hydrophilic. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a strong correlation between the clustering of CmGRFs and their respective gene structures, conserved domains, and motif compositions. Transcriptome data analysis indicated significant differences in the expression levels of different CmGRF members across various tissues and developmental stages. Codon preference analysis showed that CmGRFs tend to use codons ending with A/U, and their evolution is primarily driven by natural selection pressure. [Conclusions] This study provides the first genome-wide systematic analysis of the gene family in Chinese chestnut. The findings offer important theoretical insights and candidate genes for further research into the specific functions of these family members in chestnut growth, development, and stress responses.

 摘要： [Objectives] This study was conducted to promote the high-yield and high-quality cultivation of non-heading Chinese cabbag. [Methods] Two non-heading Chinese cabbage varieties, ‘Suzhouqing’ and ‘Huakaifugui’, were used as experimental materials. Five concentrations of amino polysaccharides, A (1 000 times solution), B (500 times solution), C (100 times solution), D (10 times solution), and CK, were set up to investigate the effects of amino polysaccharides on nitrogen metabolism, chlorophyll synthesis, dry matter accumulation, and nutritional quality in non-heading Chinese cabbage leaves. [Results] Nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities in the leaves of the two non-heading Chinese cabbage varieties were significantly enhanced, and the free amino acid content, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, vitamin C content and plant dry weight increased significantly, while the nitrate nitrogen content decreased significantly. Amino polysaccharides facilitated nitrogen conversion and amino acid synthesis in non-heading Chinese cabbage, thereby promoting growth, increasing yield, and improving quality. The application effect of high concentration amino polysaccharide solutions (100 times and 10 times dilutions) was better. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical foundation for exploring the application potential of amino polysaccharides in high-yield and high-quality cultivation of non-heading Chinese cabbage. 

 摘要： Common rue (Ruta graveolens L.) is an evergreen perennial herbaceous plant with medicinal efficacy such as heat clearing, detoxification, and meridian activation. Its distinctive fragrance exhibits notable insecticidal effects. This paper discussed the biological morphological characteristics, cultivation techniques, medicinal value, chemical composition, and pharmacological actions of common rue.

 摘要： Lvhanliangyou 888 is a new hybrid rice combination jointly bred by the Institute of Rice Research of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Anhui Agricultural University. It was developed using Wan 28S as the female parent and Lvhui 888 as the male parent, and was approved by Anhui Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2023. Lvhanliangyou 888 possesses excellent characteristics such as high quality, drought resistance, heat resistance, disease resistance, and lodging resistance. It is suitable for promotion and cultivation as a water-saving and drought-resistant rice variety in the single-season rice areas of Anhui Province. This paper describes the breeding process, characteristics, and key cultivation points of Lvhanliangyou 888.

 摘要： In this study, the single and combined acute toxicity effects of pendimethalin (herbicide) and fenitrothion (organophosphate insecticide) were investigated on juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) under semi-static conditions. Mortality was assessed at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The study revealed that pendimethalin exhibited higher toxicity than fenitrothion. The 96-h LC₅₀ values were 0.477 mg/L for pendimethalin and 2.634 mg/L for fenitrothion. Joint exposure produced enhanced toxicity, with 96-h LC₅₀ values of 0.204 mg/L (pendimethalin equivalent) and 1.139 mg/L (fenitrothion equivalent). Regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between pesticide concentration and mortality, while toxicity indices confirmed synergistic interactions. These findings underscore the ecological risks posed by pesticide mixtures and highlight the importance of regulating pesticide use to safeguard aquatic organisms and maintain environmental sustainability.

 摘要： [Objectives] This study was conducted to enhance the prevention and control of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) and goatpox (GTP). [Methods] Two experimental sheep farms in Northern Shandong were selected to conduct a comparative experiment between separate vaccinations for PPR and GTP and immunization with a combined live vaccine for both diseases. Antibody levels were measured to assess immunization effect on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after vaccination. [Results] The qualified rates of group immune antibodies in both the experimental and control groups exceeded 75%, achieving the goal of preventing both PPR and GTP through a single immunization.[Conclusions] This study provides clinical application references for the prevention of PPR and GTP in the local area.

 摘要： [Objectives] This study was conducted to evaluate the immunization efficacy and infection status of classical swine fever (CSF), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), pseudorabies (PR), and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in large-scale pig farms. [Methods] Antibody and pathogen detection was performed on 56 serum samples collected in March 2025. [Results]  The antibody qualification rates for CSF, FMD, and PRRS were 76.8%, 73.2%, and 76.8%, respectively, all meeting the national standards. However, nursery pigs exhibited an immunity gap, indicating a need for timely booster vaccinations. No PRV gE antibodies or PCV2 antibodies were detected, reflecting the absence of vaccination against these diseases and suggesting significant effectiveness of comprehensive biosecurity measures. The low antibody qualification rate for PRRS in the nursery stage highlights the need for improved immunization management. [Conclusions] This study provides data support and practical insights for integrated disease prevention and control in large-scale pig farms.

 摘要： To address the issue of low recognition accuracy for eight types of behaviors including standing, walking, drinking, lying, eating, mounting, fighting and limping in complex multi-cow  farm environments, a multi-target cow behavior recognition method based on an improved YOLOv11n algorithm was proposed. The detection capability for small targets in images was enhanced by incorporating a DASI module into the backbone network and a MDCR module into the neck network, based on YOLOv11. The improved YOLOv11 algorithm increased the mean average precision from the original 89.5% to 93%, with particularly notable improvements of 8.7% and 6.3% in the average precision for recognizing drinking and walking behaviors, respectively. These results fully demonstrate that the proposed method enhances the model's ability to recognize cow behaviors.

 摘要： Citrus is the highest-yielding fruit crop globally, with China ranking first in both cultivation area and production worldwide. During citrus growth, the crop is often damaged by various pests such as Diaphorina citri, scale insects, and aphids. Among these, D. citri, the vector of Huanglongbing (citrus greening disease), is particularly severe and has caused substantial economic losses globally. Currently, chemical pesticides remain the primary method for controlling citrus pests. However, their overuse can lead to pest resistance and excessive pesticide residues, posing threats to human health and the environment. Therefore, utilizing natural enemy insects for biological control is of significant importance. This paper systematically reviewed the research progress in artificial rearing of natural enemy insects for citrus pests, aiming to provide references for green pest management in citrus cultivation and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the citrus industry. 

 摘要： [Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the joint toxicity of fungicides on aquatic ecosystems. [Methods] Using zebrafish as a model organism, an LC-MS/MS simultaneous detection method was established for fluxapyroxad and pyraclostrobin (with detection limits at ng/L level), and  their acute toxicity, joint toxicity and toxic mechanisms were systematically evaluated. [Results] The toxicity of pyraclostrobin (96 h-LC₅₀ = 0.052 mg/L) to zebrafish was approximately 25.8 times higher than that of fluxapyroxad (96 h-LC₅₀ = 1.34 mg/L). Joint toxicity evaluation using the fixed-ratio ray design revealed that six of the seven mixture ratios exhibited additive effects (AI = 0.62-1.47), while the 8:1 ratio showed antagonism (AI = 2.14). The analysis of toxicity mechanisms indicated that both fungicides induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and cellular damage through inhibition of mitochondrial complex III and II, respectively, with pyraclostrobin inducing more pronounced hepatic MDA elevation (2.56-fold) and antioxidant enzyme inhibition. Ecological risk assessment demonstrated that fluxapyroxad posed moderate risk (RQ = 0.16-0.90), while pyraclostrobin posed moderate to high risk (RQ = 0.56-3.56), and crustaceans faced the highest risk. [Conclusions] This study elucidated the mechanism underlying toxicity differences due to distinct mitochondrial targets, providing a scientific basis for fungicide management.