 摘要： [Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of intercropping and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the photosynthetic characteristics of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), and to analyze the correlations between photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic parameters. [Methods] Using ‘Luoping Yellow Ginger ’ and ‘King 336’ pepper as plant materials, a two-factor pot experiment was conducted with monoculture vs. intercropping and inoculation vs. noninoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae. The effects of AMF inoculation and intercropping patterns on the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci), and photosynthetic pigments of ginger were analyzed. [Results] The results showed that at 60 d of growth, AMF significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of monoculture ginger (P < 0.05). The enhancement of photosynthesis was dependent on improved stomatal opening and water use efficiency. However, no significant differences in photosynthetic pigment contents were observed. From 90 to 120 d, photosynthesis declined and intercellular CO₂ concentration increased, indicating a shift in photosynthetic limitation from stomatal to nonstomatal factors. In the intercropping with AMF treatment, Pn decreased significantly. Correlation analysis indicated that AMF and intercropping weakened the association between photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic performance. In summary, AMF inoculation and cropping patterns can regulate the photosynthetic characteristics of ginger, and this regulation depends on stomatal behavior and growth stage dynamics. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical reference for research on the photosynthetic characteristics of ginger.

 摘要： Crop varieties highly affected the mechanical harvest outcomes both in quantity (grain losses) and quality (integrity of kernels) under 2025 weather conditions revealed by Funan experiments. The differential values of grain loss rates among quartile varieties’ groups were averagely 34.95% for wheat, 24.16% for rice and 45.09% for maize. The differential values of the rates of broken kernels among quartile groups were on average 25.31% for wheat and 27.32% for maize. There was a negative correlation among grain moisture content (x) and grain losses (y) in mechanical harvesting, as y=-0.042 7x+1.03 for wheat, y=-0.076 6x+2.6437 for rice and y=-0.156 2x+6.990 8 for maize. Both over-dehydrated and over-saturated kernels were more likely to be mechanically damaged (y as the % of broken kernels) by combiners as y=-0.272 1x+4.273 (wheat), y=1.463 7x-32.153 (maize). It was suggested that in mechanical harvest, the grain moisture contents of wheat, rice and maize should be decreased to 13%-18%, 25%-28% and 22%-28%, respectively, to decrease the grain losses and damages. It is recommended that in the crop variety registration procedure, some relevant information on mechanical harvest should be provided, more efforts should be given to the training of professional operators, and a modern ‘AI for machine’ system should be established in China.

 摘要： Bean Dan (Clanis bilineata tsingtauica) rearing has become one of the characteristic agricultural projects actively promoted in Guanyun County. One of the important basic conditions affecting the growth and development of Bean Dan, especially its seasonal yield and quality, is the natural climatic resources or the artificially created microclimate environment. Accordingly, Guanyun Meteorological Bureau has designated the “Research and Application of Meteorological Support Service Technologies for Bean Dan Rearing” as a key project for meteorological services in agriculture in recent years. The core of the meteorological support system construction is to fully utilize the achievements of meteorological system modernization, employ the existing monitoring, forecasting, early warning, and service systems, and establish a comprehensive agricultural meteorological indicator system for Bean Dan rearing. This enables intelligent meteorological support services for Bean Dan rearing, thereby safeguarding the development of the local industrial economy.

 摘要： [Objectives] This study was conducted to evaluatethe physiological adaptability of house-fed Hu sheep introduced to the Zizhong area of Sichuan Provinceunder high-temperature summer conditions.[Methods]Adult male and female Hu sheep (10 per group) reared in a housing system in this region were assessed by measuring physiological,hematological and bloodbiochemical parameters.[Results] The body temperature of rams was significantly higher than that of ewes (P<0.05), whereas no significantdifferences were observed between rams and ewes in respiratory rate or heart rate (P>0.05). Ewes exhibited significantly higher values than rams in several blood physiological parameters, including total leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, hemoglobin content, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (P<0.05). No significant differences were detected in the remaining six blood physiological parameters between  rams and ewes. Regarding blood biochemical indicators, ewes showed significantly elevated levels of albumin, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, and the blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio (P<0.05), while rams had significantly higher creatinine content (P<0.05). No significantdifferences were found between sexesin other 11 blood biochemical indicators, including total protein, globulin, and glucose. These findings suggest that under summer conditions in the Zizhong area, housed Hu sheep exhibit sex-based differences in physiological adaptability, with ewes displaying enhanced blood oxygen-carrying capacity and immune-related indicators compared to rams.[Conclusions]The study provides valuable insights for understanding theadaptation mechanisms of Hu sheepand developing gender-specific management strategies during subtropical summers.

 摘要： This study aimed at the damage caused by Hyphantria cunea in Zhangdian District, Zibo City in 2023, and adopted helicopter low-volume aerial spraying technology for control operations. The implementation effects were evaluated and optimization strategies were proposed by real-time monitoring of operation data and analysis of the pesticide application effect and flight path coverage. The results showed that the actual sprayed area of the project was 1 348.67 hm2, with the verified effective control area being 1 210.93 hm2. The average pesticide application rate was 2 880 g/hm2, with a lower deviation of 4%. The study found that some sorties had problems such as insufficient pesticide application and unstable flight speed. It is necessary to improve the control effect by optimizing route planning, enhancing operation standardization, and adjusting pesticide application rate. 

 摘要： [Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the spatial distribution and variation patterns of soil carbon storage. [Methods] Using highdensity, highprecision soil carbon data obtained at two depths from the multipurpose regional geochemical survey of Shandong Province (2013), the soil carbon density and storage for the 0-20, 0-100, and 0-160 cm layers in the province were estimated. The spatiotemporal evolution of SOC density and storage and the carbon sequestration potential were further examined. [Results] (1) The SOC densities for the three soil layers (0-20, 0-100, and 0-160 cm) in Shandong Province were 2.22, 7.64, and 10.09 kg/m², respectively, with all layers showing significantly lower SOC densities than the national average. (2) The spatial distribution of topsoil SOC density generally exhibits a pattern of low values in coastal areas, moderate values in the northwestern plain and eastern hilly regions, and relatively high values in the central and southern mountainous areas. (3) Compared with the data from the Second National Soil Survey conducted 18 years ago (1985), the topsoil SOC density increased from 1.43 to 2.22 kg/m², and the storage increased from 226.41 to 350.65 Mt, a net increase of 124.24 Mt. SOC has accumulated in the soil at an average rate of 0.044 kg/m²·a, exhibiting an overall “carbon sink” effect. [Conclusions] This study provides a scientific basis for China’s strategic planning of CO₂ emission reduction and global carbon cycle research.

 摘要： [Objectives] This study was conducted to reveal the composition and structure of the endophytic microbial community in seeds of Pholidota chinensis Lindl., so as to provide an important basis for research on seed endophytes and resource development of P. chinensis. [Methods] The 16S rDNA V3-V4 region and the ITS1-ITS2 region of endophytes from P. chinensis seeds were amplified, followed by the construction of MiSeq libraries and sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Subsequently, OTU clustering and taxonomic analysis were performed. [Results] A total of 28 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) from the amplified 16S rDNA sequences of endophytic bacteria could be annotated. They were classified into Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and unclassified bacteria, with Cyanobacteria as the dominant phylum and Streptophyta as the dominant genus. The Shannon diversity index, Simpson index, and Chao index of the endophytic bacterial community were 0.66, 0.65, and 35.50, respectively. The endophytic fungal sequences were grouped into 315 OTUs, belonging to Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Rozellomycota, and unclassified fungi, with genera including Penidiella, Botryosphaeria, Cladosporium, and Candida. Among them, Ascomycota was the dominant phylum, and Penidiella was the dominant genus, in which Penidiella aggregata was the dominant species. The Shannon diversity index, Simpson index, and Chao1 index were 2.63, 0.23, and 402.85, respectively. [Conclusions] The endophytic bacteria and endophytic fungi in the seeds of P. chinensis have certain biodiversity.

 摘要： [Objectives] This study was conducted to address the fragmentation of existing research on matrix effects in pesticide residue detection by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and to overcome the limitations of the singlematrix singlepesticide research model. [Methods] A comprehensive matrix effect evaluation matrix covering “88 pesticides × 19 fruit and vegetable matrices” was constructed for the first time. The interference patterns of fruit and vegetable matrices on pesticide residue detection were systematically investigated, and  representative matrices were screened for each matrix effect gradient. [Results] Among the tested pesticides, 95.8% exhibited matrix enhancement effects (ME > 100%), while 4.2% showed matrix suppression effects. Among these, medium matrix enhancement effects in the range of 120%-150% accounted for the highest proportion, reaching 54.9%. Six pesticides including paclobutrazol and terbufos showed significant matrix enhancement effects in 18 matrices except bean sprout, while deltamethrin, tetrachlorvinphos, and edifenphos exhibited matrix suppression characteristics in most matrices. Meantime, bean sprout, cucumber, mango, carrot, and cowpea can serve as typical representative matrices for the relatively weak, weak, medium, strong, and very strong matrix enhancement intervals, respectively. [Conclusions] This study has clarified the matrix effect characteristics in a multipesticide, multifruit/vegetable system, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for highthroughput and accurate detection of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. It holds significant application value for food safety risk monitoring and regulatory work. 

 摘要： Shaoyang dominates the opening and closing of Yang Qi and the transfusion of Qi, blood and body fluid, and the spine is inseparable from the movement of Yang Qi and the whole body of Qi, blood and body fluid. This article investigates the impacts of the dysfunctions of Shaoyang Sanjiao pivot and and Shaoyang Gallbladder pivot on the spinal column. Combined with the analysis of clinical medical records, it aims to prove the beauty of using classic theories to guide clinical practice, so as to provide reference for the therapy of spine and spinal related diseases.

 摘要： [Objectives] To address the issues of oily scalp and adverse reactions (such as scalp sensitivity and redness) caused by shampoos containing chemical ingredients, a pure natural herbal liquid shampoo formulated with 19 Chinese medicinal herbs was developed. Compared with shampoos primarily composed of chemical additives and containing single or multiple herbal extracts, this formulation compensates for the limitations of existing products such as single function of removing oil and is cost-effective, highlighting the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine. [Methods] The finished product was prepared using a base of 19 Chinese medicinal herbs as the main ingredients, supplemented with plant- and animal-derived surfactants such as seaweed polysaccharides and conditioning agents. The conditioning performance and user experience of the product were evaluated through a combination of mouse water-oil tests, microscopic visual assessment of hair, and participant self-assessment data. [Results] After using this product, the oil level in mice significantly decreased. The scalp oiliness scores of participants also showed a marked reduction. [Conclusions] This product demonstrates remarkable cleaning and oil-removing efficacy. However, its hair growth-promoting, anti-hair loss, and hair-blackening effects require further validation. This study provides a new formulation concept for individuals seeking to reduce dependence on chemical ingredients in shampoos or those experiencing adverse reactions.