 摘要： [Objectives] The present study was conducted to investigate the change rule of β-fructofuranosidase gene expression and its enzyme activity in the midgut of 5th instar silkworm (Bombyx mori), in order to provide a reference for illustrating the enzymatic mechanism of using β-fructofuranosidase to absorb sucrose nutrition from mulberry leaves. [Methods] Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was applied to analyze the expression of BmSuc1 and BmSuc2 in midgut of 5th-instar silkworm larvae, meanwhile the activities of β-fructofuranosidase was determined. [Results] BmSuc1 was expressed in the midgut of 5th-instar silkworm larvae at different developmental stages. Its expression was upregulated at the beginning of the 5th instar and during the peak feeding period, whereas BmSuc2 expression remained very low throughout the entire 5th instar. The activity of β-fructofuranosidase was relatively high during the peak feeding period of 5th-instar larvae, showing a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. [Conclusions] The expression pattern of the BmSuc1 gene and the changes in β-fructofuranosidase activity were generally consistent with the physiological process of sugar nutrient absorption and utilization from mulberry leaves in 5th-instar silkworms. It suggests that BmSuc1, as a sucrose hydrolase gene, plays a major role in the digestion and absorption of sucrose nutrients from mulberry leaves in the midgut tissue. 

 摘要： To meet the need for cultivating application-oriented talents in local universities, this study introduced a project-based learning approach into the reform of bioinformatics experimental teaching. The course was structured around a project titled “Influenza Virus Analysis”, comprising four progressive modules: database utilization and information retrieval, sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, functional and structural prediction, and omics data analysis. These modules were integrated into a coherent research workflow that connected fragmented knowledge and technical skills. During implementation, flipped classroom and group collaboration methods were employed, alongside the establishment of a diversified assessment system emphasizing process evaluation. Teaching practice indicates that the reform effectively enhances students' professional application skills, learning experience, and scientific literacy, facilitating a shift from “tool operation” to “problem-solving” capabilities. This study provides a reference model for the reform of bioinformatics experimental teaching in local universities.

 摘要： Yam (Dioscorea opposita) is an important economic crop, and the development of its the cultivation tecchnology is of great significance for increasing yield, improving quality, and reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases. With the progression of agricultural technology and changes in market demands, the cultivation tecchnology of yam is constantly innovating and improving. This paper reviewed recent research advances in yam cultivation tecchnology, covering aspects such as soil improvement, variety selection, technological innovations, green pest control, and harvesting and storage. The goal is to provide references for the sustainable development of the yam industry.

 摘要： With the expansion of peanut planting area year by year, film mulching cultivation has become increasingly important in peanut production due to its unique advantages in enhancing both yield per unit area and overall economic benefits. Based on the varietal characteristics of 'Zhouhua 5' and addressing practical issues in peanut production, this paper summarized key techniques for high-yield and high-efficiency film mulching cultivation of this variety. These techniques cover all critical stages, including land preparation and fertilization, seed preparation, sowing methods, field management, and timely harvesting, providing technical guidance for varietal promotion and peanut production. 

 摘要： [Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the application time, concentrations, and combinations of plant growth regulators, aiming to screen suitable concentrations, combinations, and treatment periods for enhancing the commercial quality of the fruit. [Methods] 'Xiangfei' grape was selected as the experimental material. Treatments were applied at two stages: full bloom and 10-14 d after flowering. Three plant growth regulators, gibberellin (GA₃), forchlorfenuron (CPPU), and thidiazuron (TDZ), were used at different concentrations and in various combinations. The aim was to investigate the effects of different treatments on the seedless rate and fruit quality of 'Xiangfei' grape and to identify the optimal protocol for seedlessness induction in this cultivar. [Results] The optimal treatment protocol was the application of GA₃ 50 mg/L + TDZ 4 mg/L at full bloom, followed by clear water 10-14 d after full bloom. After this combined pre- and post-flowering treatment, a seedless rate of 73% was achieved. The corresponding fruit quality parameters were as follows: single berry weight, 17.64 g; longitudinal diameter, 28.94 mm; transverse diameter, 30.21 mm; fruit firmness, 8.41 N/cm²; and soluble protein content, 0.94 mg/g. Compared with other treatments, this protocol improved berry longitudinal and transverse diameters, fruit firmness, single berry weight, soluble solid content, and soluble protein content in 'Xiangfei' berries. It also altered the fruit shape index, reduced tannin content, and had a minimal impact on vitamin C content. [Conclusions] This study can provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for the seedlessness production of 'Xiangfei' grape.  

 摘要： The widespread use of herbicides such as glyphosate isopropyl amine salt (GIS) and atrazine (ATZ) poses significant risks to aquatic ecosystems. This study investigated the single and joint acute toxicity of a 1:1 GIS-ATZ mixture on zebrafish (Danio rerio). Acute tests determined 96-h LC₅₀ values of 123.41 mg/L for GIS and 103.95 mg/L for ATZ. In the joint toxicity test, these values decreased to 60.96 and 50.88 mg/L, respectively. The Additive Index (AI) analysis revealed a consistent synergistic interaction between the herbicides at all exposure intervals. These findings underscore the enhanced ecological threat of herbicide mixtures and highlight the necessity of considering joint effects in environmental risk assessments.

 摘要： Sichuan sausages with moisture contents of 40%, 45%, 50%, and 60% were stored at -18 °C for durations of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks to evaluate the effect of moisture content on the quality attributes of Sichuan sausages during frozen storage. Product indicators including pH, colour, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), texture, electronic nose (E-nose) response, and water-holding capacity (thawing and cooking losses) were determined. The results indicated that as storage time increased, water retention in Sichuan sausages with different moisture contents decreased, while the degree of protein and lipid oxidation increased. This led to an increase in pH value, a colour shift from red-bright to grey-brown, and a deterioration in palatability. Among the samples, sausages with 50% moisture content exhibited the lowest thawing and cooking losses, indicating superior water-holding capacity.  After 8 weeks of storage, TBARS and TVB-N values for the 50% moisture group were 19.5% and 2.5% lower, respectively, than those of the 40% and 45% moisture groups, indicating a reduced degree of oxidation. Furthermore, Sichuan sausage with 50% moisture content demonstrated an appropriate pH and colour difference, along with excellent texture and flavour, as evidenced by its higher toughness and satisfactory hardness.  In conclusion, Sichuan sausage with 50% moisture content demonstrated the highest overall quality under frozen storage conditions.

 摘要： Guided by the "Healthy China 2030" strategy, improving national nutrition and health literacy has become a core task in public health system development. The National Nutrition Plan (2017-2030) explicitly calls for "strengthening the training of nutrition talents" and "promoting nutrition science education". As a key vehicle for this mission, the Food Nutrition and Health course in higher education urgently needs to address bottlenecks in traditional teaching, such as low knowledge application and transfer rates, insufficient student engagement, and ineffective guidance on healthy behaviors. The BOPPPS teaching model, with its structured design (Bridge-in, Objective, Pre-assessment, Participatory Learning, Post-assessment, Summary), effectively promotes the internalization of nutritional knowledge and the transformation into healthy behaviors among students by emphasizing practice-oriented teaching activities. In this study, focusing on this course, an in-depth exploration of curriculum teaching design was conducted based on the BOPPPS instructional model, aiming to deeply integrate the strategic objectives of Healthy China into the curriculum, and promote the transformation of nutritional knowledge into healthy decision-making ability. This study provides new insights for food and nutrition education. 

 摘要： [Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil selenium (Se) content and exogenous Se supplementation on crop Se levels and provide a theoretical basis for the production of Se-enriched agricultural products. [Methods] Thirty three representative townships in Xiayi County, Ningling County, and Yongcheng City were selected. Soil Se content and its impact on wheat Se level were measured. The effects of exogenous Se supplementation on the Se content of crops including soybean, wheat, peanut, corn, sweet potato, grape, crisp pear and apple were also investigated. [Results] showed that the soil Se content in 18 townships of Xiayi County ranged from 0.08 to 0.34 mg/kg, and Se-adequate areas, Se-deficient areas and severely Se-deficient areas accounted for 27.78%, 66.67%, and 0.055% of the total, respectively. In Ningling County, the soil Se content in 11 townships ranged from 0.13 to 0.23 mg/kg, and among them, Se-adequate areas and Se-deficient areas comprised 18.18% and 81.82%, respectively. In Yongcheng City, the soil Se content in 4 townships ranged from 0.16 to 0.23 mg/kg, and Se-adequate areas and Se-deficient areas constituted 75.00% and 25.00%, respectively. The soil Se content in 33 townships across Xiayi County, Ningling County, and Yongcheng City ranged from 0.07 to 0.34 mg/kg. However, the Se levels in wheat from all 33 townships fail to meet the standard for Se-enriched agricultural products. It indicates that relying solely on soil Se supply is insufficient for crops to achieve the Se level required for Se-enriched agricultural products. Exogenous Se supplementation could effectively increase the Se content in soybean, wheat, peanut, corn, sweet potato, grape, crisp pear, and apple. Among these, soybean, wheat and peanut showed the highest Se levels after supplementation, all exceeding 0.10 mg/kg and meeting the industry standard for Se-enriched agricultural products. [Conclusions] The results of this study indicates that exogenous Se supplementation can serve as a key measure for producing Se-enriched agricultural products.

 摘要： [Objectives] This study was conducted to achieve rapid and accurate detection of protein content in rice with a particle size of 1.0 mm. [Methods] A multi-model fusion strategy was proposed on the basis of Stacking ensemble learning. A base learner pool was constructed, containing Partial Least Squares (PLS), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Deep Extreme Learning Machine (DELM), Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). PLS, DELM, and Linear Regression (LR) were used as meta-learner candidates. Employing integer coding technology, systematic dynamic combinations of base learners and meta-learners were generated, resulting in a total of 40 non-repetitive fusion models. The optimal combination was selected through a comprehensive evaluation based on multiple assessment indicators. [Results] The combination "PLS-DELM-MLP-LR" (code 1367) achieved coefficients of determination of 0.973 2 and 0.978 0 on the validation set and independent test set, respectively, with relative root mean square errors of 2.35% and 2.36%, and residual predictive deviations of 6.107 5 and 6.747 9, respectively. [Conclusions] The Stacking fusion model significantly enhances the predictive accuracy and robustness of spectral quantitative analysis, providing an efficient and feasible solution for modeling complex agricultural product spectral data.