 摘要： [Objectives] To elucidate the community composition of endophytic fungi in areca leaves affected by viral infection and explore the potential correlation between areca yellowingassociated viruses and endophytic fungi. [Methods] Leaf samples from healthy, yellowing, and stunted areca palms were systematically collected in August 2025 from an orchard affected by yellow leaf disease (YLD) at Dongsheng Farm, Qionghai City, Hainan Province. The infection rates of areca palm velarivirus 1 (APV1), areca palm yellowing-associated ormycovirus (APYLaOMV), and areca palm latent totivirus 1 (APLTV1) were determined using RT-PCR assay. Endophytic fungi were isolated and purified through the tissue separation method, and species identification was conducted based on ITS sequencing and homology comparison using the NCBI database. [Results] No target viruses were detected in healthy leaves. In contrast, the detection rates of APV1, APYLaOMV, and APLTV1 in diseased leaves were 60%, 50%, and 30%, respectively. A total of 81 endophytic fungal strains were isolated from 13 samples and identified as belonging to 14 genera and 37 species, all within the phylum Ascomycota. Community structure analysis revealed that the endophytic fungal communities in healthy leaves were relatively simple at the class, order, and family levels, with Nigrospora as the dominant genus. In contrast, fungal diversity increased significantly in diseased leaves, where Phyllosticta emerged as the dominant genus. Furthermore, the composition of endophytic fungi varied markedly among different leaf tissues. In the mesophyll tissue of diseased leaves, Phyllosticta and Colletotrichum were co-dominant genera, whereas Fusarium predominated in the vein tissues. In healthy leaves, Nigrospora was the dominant genus in both mesophyll and vein tissues. [Conclusions] This study identifies the predominant viral species associated with YLD in areca palms and characterizes the community structure of leaf endophytic fungi in Qionghai City. It provides essential data and theoretical foundations for further elucidating the complex pathogenic mechanisms underlying YLD in areca palms, screening effective biocontrol fungi, and developing integrated management strategies.

 摘要： [Objectives] To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of five pesticide residues in wine, including metalaxyl, captan, kresoxim-methyl, tebuconazole, and difenoconazole, using QuEChERS combined with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), and investigate the feasibility of applying the relative correction factor for multiple evaluations within a single test. [Methods] The target compounds were extracted using the QuEChERS method. Kresoxim-methyl served as the internal standard to calculate the relative correction factor for metalaxyl, captan, tebuconazole, and difenoconazole. Chromatographic peaks were identified based on their relative retention time to assess the stability of the correction factors. Method validation was performed under optimized GC-MS/MS conditions. [Results] The linearity of the five pesticides was satisfactory within the injection volume range of 0.02 to 0.8 ng. The correction factor showed robust tolerance across varying injection volumes, linear velocities, and chromatographic column conditions. The recovery rate of the added standards ranged from 79.6% to 92.7%, with a precision relative standard deviation (RSD) between 0.9% and 1.7%. The detection limits were between 0.002 and 0.006 mg/kg, while the quantification limits ranged from 0.007 to 0.02 mg/kg. [Conclusions] This method displays strong specificity, high sensitivity, and operational simplicity. When combined with the relative correction factor, it enables accurate and quantitative detection of residues of five pesticides in wine.

 摘要： [Objectives] In response to the practical challenges encountered in the hilly agricultural equipment training within agricultural higher vocational colleges, specifically, “the inability to access real scenarios, afford actual equipment, and fully practice real processes”, a virtual-real fusion training system has been developed, and the effectiveness of this system is demonstrated through its application to mountain drip irrigation technology. [Methods] Utilizing the actual technology project titled “Research and Promotion of Integrated Application of Internet of Things Drip Irrigation Technology in Mountain Planting” as a technical blueprint, a three-tiered progressive training model comprising “virtual simulation, semi-physical joint debugging, and real scene verification” has been developed. It includes four core skill modules: terrain mapping and pipeline network design, LoRa wireless networking, fuzzy PID water and fertilizer decision-making, and cloud-edge collaborative platform operation and maintenance. The framework is also supported by a practical training management platform alongside an assessment and evaluation system. [Results] In the pilot implementation of the system at Huizhou Engineering Vocational College, the per-student training cost has been reduced by approximately 70% compared to the traditional “whole-orchard field attachment” model. Students are able to complete typical training scenarios, such as 30°slope irrigation uniformity control and 1500-m LoRa communication range, without leaving the campus. Furthermore, their capabilities in managing the entire closed-loop process have been significantly improved. [Conclusions] This system has implemented a practical training teaching reform characterized by “real project-driven, real data training, and real scene transfer”, thereby offering a replicable practical pathway for agricultural higher vocational colleges situated in hilly agricultural regions.

 摘要： This article provides a systematic review of high-quality cultivation techniques for under-forest Auricularia auricula in the Eastern Liaoning Mountainous Region and analyzes the key issues associated with its cultivation. The technical key points of each stage—from site selection, mushroom stick production, spawn running management, and ear emergence management to harvesting and processing—are elaborated in detail. Furthermore, key issues such as pest and disease control and environmental regulation are analyzed, and corresponding solutions are proposed. This work aims to provide technical support for the under-forest A. auricula industry and to promote its sustainable development.

 摘要： Based on the educational objectives of curricula, this paper incorporates value-oriented goals such as "core socialist values", "patriotism", and the "spirit of craftsmanship", and advances ideological and political education through two primary approaches: innovating educational concepts and expanding teaching content. The three guiding principles—"teaching and nurturing students", "student-centeredness", and "continuous improvement"—are rigorously implemented. Basic knowledge is integrated with the frontiers of various disciplines, while professional knowledge is applied to major national and typical regional ecological engineering cases. In the implementation of teaching, it is essential to explore the integration points of ideological and political education into scientific thinking, social responsibility, and professional ethics. Relying on modern information technology, the adoption of BOPPPS teaching design and diversified assessment and evaluation methods can facilitate the effective unification of knowledge transmission and value guidance. This approach offers a valuable reference for the development of curriculum-based ideological and political education in the Environmental Ecological Engineering major.

 摘要： Garcinol is a naturally occurring polyisoprenylated benzophenone compound extracted from plants of the genus Garcinia. It exhibits various pharmacological effects, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, metabolic regulatory, and antibacterial properties. Garcinol exhibits anti-tumor effects by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting angiogenesis, arresting the cell cycle, and suppressing proteasome activity. Regarding its anti-inflammatory properties, garcinol modulates signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT, while also inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory factors. In terms of neuroprotection, garcinol helps repair nerve damage through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, as well as by regulating related enzyme activities. In addition, garcinol can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, protect pancreatic β cells, and inhibit pathogenic bacteria. While garcinol exhibits multi-target properties, its direct targets, pharmacokinetics, and clinical applications require further investigation.

 摘要： Ailanthone is a triterpenoid compound isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Ailanthus altissima, which exhibits broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity. This paper reviews its mechanisms of action against lung cancer, melanoma, prostate cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Ailanthone blocks cell migration and invasion by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, upregulating Bax/Caspase-3, downregulating Bcl-2 to activate the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and reducing the expression of MMP-2/MMP-9 as well as the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. It also inhibits DNA replication through the downregulation of RPA1. Current research mainly involves in vitro studies, while the detailed molecular mechanisms and in vivo evaluations require further investigation. This review offers a theoretical foundation for future research and the development of novel therapeutic agents.

 摘要： Astragalin exhibits a range of biological activities. This review summarizes recent research on the effects of astragalin in anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular protective contexts. Regarding its anti-inflammatory properties, astragalin primarily mitigates inflammatory responses by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. In terms of anti-tumor activity, it modulates pathways such as PI3K/AKT and NF-κB to suppress the proliferation and migration of various cancer cell types. Concerning neuroprotection, astragalin ameliorates neuronal damage in Alzheimer’s disease models by activating PI3K/AKT-mTOR-mediated autophagy. Additionally, it reduces oxidative stress and ameliorates myocardial fibrosis associated with chronic heart failure. This review provides a theoretical foundation for the further investigation, development, and application of astragalin.

 摘要： Through a comprehensive review of both domestic and international literature, the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of dulcitol and its derivatives have been systematically summarized. The findings demonstrate that dianhydrogalactitol (DAG) and diacetyldianhydrogalactitol (DADAG) induce apoptosis in tumor cells, inhibit angiogenesis, and arrest the cell cycle via mitochondrial, death receptor, and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. Additionally, dulcitol mitigates intestinal inflammation and barrier damage by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, while also modulating intestinal microbiota and promoting defecation. Collectively, dulcitol and its derivatives exhibit multi-target pharmacological activities, indicating their promising potential in the prevention and treatment of cancer and intestinal disorders.