| 摘要 |
[Objectives] This study was conducted to establish a quantitative assessment method for the textural quality of chieh-qua fruit. [Methods] Using two modes of a texture analyzer, namely TPA (texture profile analysis) and puncture, the index data of the fruit were obtained by setting different trigger forces, deformation levels, test speeds, as well as puncture speeds and puncture depths. The data included TPA hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, resilience, as well as skin hardness, skin toughness, flesh hardness, fracturability, and compactness. [Results] Different deformation levels had a significant impact on all parameters. Hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess and chewiness showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the deformation level increasing. When the deformation level was 30%, the adhesiveness, gumminess and chewiness reached their maximum values. When the deformation level was 50%, TPA hardness reached its maximum. When the compression speed was 3 mm/s, the measured values of TPA hardness, adhesiveness, chewiness, and resilience were at their maximums. The skin hardness varied significantly under different trigger forces. When the trigger force was 15 g, the skin hardness reached a maximum value of 944.63 g, and the skin toughness, flesh hardness, fracturability, and compactness also reach their maximum values respectively. When the puncture depth was 12 mm, the flesh hardness and skin toughness reached their maximums of 682.51 g and 1.82 mm, respectively. In the TPA mode, the flesh hardness of chieh-qua showed an extremely significant negative correlation with springiness, cohesiveness, and resilience (P < 0.01). The fruit fracturability detected by puncture had an extremely significant positive correlation with compactness (P < 0.01). [Conclusions] The evaluation method for measuring chieh-qua texture by combining TPA and the puncture mode could accurately and quantitatively reflect the differences in the flesh texture quality of chieh-qua. The optimal parameters for texture measurement of chieh-qua fruit were determined as a 15 g trigger force with 50% deformation and a 3 mm/s compression speed in TPA mode, and a 15 g trigger force with a 12 mm puncture depth in puncture mode. Puncture speed was found to have no significant effect on the texture indices of chieh-qua. |
