| 摘要 |
This study takes "ocean heat waves" as a typical case to study the scientific definition, driving mechanisms, multi-dimensional impacts, and response strategies of extreme climate events. The definition of extreme events requires a comprehensive consideration of statistical thresholds and social impacts. It is mainly driven by global warming caused by human emissions of greenhouse gases, and is also influenced by the interaction of natural variations such as ENSO. Extreme events cause systematic and cascading impacts on human health, infrastructure, agricultural economy, and ecosystems (especially marine ecosystems). Advanced technologies such as satellite remote sensing, climate models, and artificial intelligence have significantly enhanced their monitoring and prediction capabilities. However, effective responses still require a parallel strategy of mitigation and adaptation, and international cooperation is strengthened through the framework of the Paris Agreement. |
