| 摘要 |
[Objectives] To analyze the clinical symptoms and epidemiological characteristics of 188 hospitalized pertussis cases in Jingzhou City. [Methods] Clinical data from 188 patients diagnosed with pertussis and admitted to two tertiary hospitals in Jingzhou City between March and August 2024 were collected. Patients were randomly divided into three groups: <3-year-old, 3—17-year-old, and ≥18-year-old. A retrospective analysis was performed on their clinical features (including laboratory findings, disease course, and imaging characteristics) and epidemiological characteristics. [Results] In the <3-year-old group, 28 cases (36.4%) were unvaccinated and 22 cases (28.6%) had received only one dose of the pertussis vaccine. In the 3—17-year-old group, 91 cases (94.8%) had received four doses. Vaccination history was unknown for the ≥18-year-old adult group. The <3-year-old group exhibited significantly higher incidences of cough with wheezing/dyspnea, paroxysmal spasmodic cough, cough with cyanosis or facial flushing, wheezes, and moist rales in the lungs compared to both the 3—17-year-old and ≥18-year-old groups. Post-tussive vomiting was less frequent in the <3-year-old group than in the 3—17-year-old group but more frequent than in the ≥18-year-old group; these differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The ≥18-year-old group had significantly lower incidences of cough with wheezing/dyspnea, paroxysmal spasmodic cough, cough with cyanosis or facial flushing, wheezes, and moist rales in the lungs compared to both the <3-year-old and 3—17-year-old groups (P<0.05). The proportion of cases with pneumonia and increased lung markings was higher in the <3-year-old group than in the 3—17-year-old group but lower than in the ≥18-year-old group, showing statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The proportion of cases with pulmonary nodules and fibrotic foci was lower in the <3-year-old group than in both the 3—17-year-old and ≥18-year-old groups, and these differences were also statistically significant (P<0.05). The proportion of pneumonia cases in the 3—17-year-old group was lower than in both the <3-year-old and ≥18-year-old groups. The proportion of cases with increased lung markings was lower than in the <3-year-old group but higher than in the ≥18-year-old group; these differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The proportion of cases with pulmonary nodules and fibrotic foci in the 3—17-year-old group was higher than in the <3-year-old group but lower than in the ≥18-year-old group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The proportion of cases with pulmonary nodules and fibrotic foci was higher in the ≥18-year-old group than in both the <3-year-old and 3—17-year-old groups, and these differences were also statistically significant (P<0.05). [Conclusions] Analysis of the clinical symptoms and epidemiological characteristics of 188 hospitalized pertussis cases in Jingzhou City contributes to enhancing the prevention and control of pertussis within the city. |
