 摘要： [Objectives] To investigating the mechanism of Xiayuxue Decoction in improving slow transit constipation based on network pharmacology and animal experiments. [Methods] Active components and targets of Xiayuxue Decoction (XYXD) were identified using the TCMSP, HERB, and PubChem databases, supplemented by literature mining. STC-related genes were retrieved from the GEO database. A drug – component – target – disease network was constructed, and core targets and pathways were analyzed. An STC rat model was established. After grouping and drug administration, defecation parameters, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, and related protein expression were assessed. [Results] Network pharmacology identified 43 intersecting targets, primarily enriched in inflammation- and metabolism-related pathways, especially the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Animal experiments revealed impaired intestinal function alongside abnormal oxidative stress and inflammatory indices in the model group. Both XYXD and mosapride significantly ameliorated these abnormalities, with XYXD demonstrating a more pronounced effect. [Conclusions] XYXD may treat STC by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated chronic inflammation to alleviate colonic injury and by upregulating the 5-HT/5-HTR pathway to enhance intestinal motility.

 摘要： [Objectives] To analyze the research landscape and hotspots in the field of Polygonatum using bibliometric methods, with a focus on the evolutionary shift from traditional tonic applications to modern systematic mechanistic studies. [Methods] Using the CNKI and Web of Science Core Collection databases, CiteSpace 6.3.R1 was employed for bibliometric visualization of relevant publications from 2002 to 2024. Systematic analyses were conducted on publication trends, collaboration networks among authors and institutions, keyword co-occurrence, clustering, and burst detection. [Results] Research on Polygonatum has shown a steady increase. The research focuses on bioactive components such as polysaccharides and steroidal saponins, with a progressive deepening from component extraction and pharmacological evaluation to mechanistic aspects including immune regulation, antioxidant activity, and gut microbiota modulation. Keyword evolution reveals that research hotspots have expanded from early resource classification and chemical profiling to systematic regulatory mechanisms underpinned by multi-omics technologies.[Conclusions] Polygonatum research is undergoing a paradigm shift from “single-component, single-target” to “multi-pathway, holistic regulation”. Future studies should further integrate traditional Chinese medicine tonic theory, elucidate the processing-component-efficacy nexus, and strengthen the integration of multi-omics with clinical translation.

 摘要：  [Objectives] To systematically screen the core active components, action targets, and signaling pathways of Qingxuan Zhiyang Foot Spray (Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, Stemonae Radix, Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, Dictamni Cortex, Pseudolaricis Cortex, Kochiae Fructus, and Senecionis Scandentis Herba) based on network pharmacology, and to elucidate its molecular mechanism in the external treatment of tinea pedis and superficial skin fungal infections. [Methods] Potential active components and targets of the seven medicinal herbs were screened using the TCMSP database combined with physicochemical criteria for transdermal penetration of external preparations. Disease targets for tinea pedis, athlete’s foot, and superficial skin fungal infections were retrieved from the GeneCards database. Drug-disease overlapping targets were obtained using the Venny tool. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the String database. A visualized “Chinese herbal medicine – active component – target” interaction network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.10.1, followed by topological analysis. GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment were performed using the DAVID database, and the enrichment results were visualized using bubble plots and bar charts. [Results] A total of 132 active components, 418 drug targets, 452 disease targets, and 96 core overlapping targets were obtained. The PPI network revealed TNF, IL6, IL1B, AKT1, TP53, JUN, and PTGS2 as hub proteins. The core pharmacologically active substances were quercetin, luteolin, berberine, matrine, stemonine, and pseudolaric acid B. GO enrichment was mainly concentrated in processes such as inflammatory response, apoptosis, and keratinocyte proliferation. KEGG enrichment revealed that the PI3K-Akt, AGE-RAGE, MAPK, TNF, IL-17, and C-type lectin receptor signaling pathways were the core regulatory pathways. [Conclusions] Through the multi-component transdermal targeted action, this spray regulates targets and pathways related to inflammation, innate antifungal immunity, and skin barrier repair, thereby achieving the triple efficacy of bacteriostasis, anti-inflammatory and antipruritic effects, and barrier repair. This study reveals the molecular mechanism of “multi-component synergy and multi-pathway coordination” underlying the external treatment of superficial fungal infections with Chinese herbal compound formulas.

 摘要： [Objectives] To elucidate the mechanisms by which ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells. [Methods] The effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in breast cancer-bearing mice were assessed using network pharmacology analysis, cytological assays, and protein histology techniques. The regulatory mechanisms of ginsenoside Rh2 on BMDCs were further explored via flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot (WB), and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). [Results] Network pharmacology analysis identified ginsenoside Rh2 as a potential therapeutic agent that facilitates dendritic cell (DC) maturation, with phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1) serving as a crucial mediator. Experimental results confirmed that ginsenoside Rh2 enhanced BMDC maturation in breast cancer models via the PIK3R1-PDK1 signaling pathway. This enhancement coincided with decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of PIK3R1 and PDK1 in mouse DCs. [Conclusions] This study elucidates the potential molecular mechanisms of ginsenoside Rh2 through network pharmacology, which are subsequently validated by comprehensive laboratory experiments. Our findings indicate that ginsenoside Rh2 enhances tumor immunity and exerts anti-tumor effects by promoting DC maturation. Compared to conventional chemotherapy, ginsenoside Rh2 significantly reduces off-target toxicity while improving anti-tumor efficacy. In summary, this research provides novel insights and a theoretical foundation for the selection and development of breast cancer treatment regimens.

 摘要： [Objectives] To optimize the extraction and molding technology of Chengyin Mixture, an empirical prescription of Zhuang medicine, and to establish its quality control method. [Methods] An L₉(3⁴) orthogonal experimental design was adopted, with water addition amount, extraction time, and extraction times as investigative factors, and dry extract yield, transfer rate of forsythiaside, and transfer rate of chlorogenic acid as evaluation indices to optimize the process. Referring to the relevant methods specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition), TLC identification and preparation inspections for Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Forsythiae Fructus, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were established. [Results] The optimal process was determined as follows: adding 10 times the amount of water, decocting twice, with one hour for each decoction. Validation tests showed that the mean dry extract yield was 24.24%, and the mean transfer rates of forsythiaside and chlorogenic acid were 71.86% and 69.48%, respectively, with all RSD values below 5%. TLC spots were clear with no negative interference. The properties, relative density, pH, filling volume, and microbial limits of three batches of pilot-scale samples all complied with the pharmacopoeia standards. [Conclusions] The optimized extraction process is stable and feasible, and the established quality standard is simple to operate and highly specific, which can be used for the quality control of Chengyin Mixture, providing a basis for its hospital preparation registration and standardized production.

 摘要： [Objectives] To establish a TLC identification method for agarwood and sandalwood in the Tibetan medicine preparation Shiwuwei Longdanhua Pills. [Methods] Using reference medicinal materials of agarwood and sandalwood as the control, TLC identification was conducted on agarwood and sandalwood in Shiwuwei Longdanhua Pills, and methodological research was carried out. [Results] The established TLC method can distinguish agarwood and sandalwood, with clear spots and moderate Rf, negative without interference. The methodological investigation results show that the method has good adaptability. [Conclusions] This method is simple, feasible, reliable, has good reproducibility, and can be used as a quality control method for Shiwuwei Longdanhua Pills.

 摘要： [Objectives] To investigate the effects of various fertilization patterns on the growth, yield, and active component content of Scutellaria baicalensis in field conditions and to identify high-quality and efficient fertilization strategies. [Methods] One-year-old S. baicalensis plants served as the experimental material. The treatments comprised a control with no fertilization (CK), application of chemical fertilizer alone (H), organic fertilizer alone (Y0), and several gradients of organic fertilizer combined with compound fertilizer (Y5-Y25). Parameters measured included the branch number, bud number, root length, rhizome neck diameter, yield per unit area, and both the content and accumulation of five flavonoids. [Results] All fertilization treatments enhanced the growth and yield of S. baicalensis. The combined application of organic and compound fertilizers generally outperformed the sole application of chemical fertilizer. Treatment Y15 (1 000 kg/667 m2 of organic fertilizer + 15 kg/667 m2 of compound fertilizer) resulted in the highest dry root yield (92.93 kg/667 m2). The baicalin content reached 12.26 g/100 g, representing a 32.45% increase compared to CK. Consequently, the accumulation of active components per unit area was maintained at a relatively high level. [Conclusions] Treatment Y15 can enhance both the yield and quality of S. baicalensis. Under the conditions of this experiment, it is a superior fertilization model and may serve as a valuable reference for the high-quality and efficient cultivation of S. baicalensis.

 摘要： [Objectives] To explore the effect of Tianxiang Dan in inhibiting the progression of  atherosclerosis in mice by regulating the autophagy-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammatoryosome axis and its mechanism. [Methods] Atherosclerosis models of ApoE knockout (ApoE-/-) mice were established by feeding with a  high-fat diet for 12 weeks. The mice were divided into the model group (MD group), Tianxian Dan group [2.73 g/(kg·d), TXD group], ApoE-/-·NACHT, LRR and PYD domain protein 3 (NLRP3)-/-＋TXD group [2.73 g/(kg·d), NLRP3-/- group] and ApoE-/-·NLRP3-/-＋RGFP966 group [400 μg/(kg·d), RGFP966 group], with 10 mice in each group. Ten C57BL/6J mice were fed with the basic diet as the blank control group (CO group). The plaque burden and stability were evaluated by oil red O staining, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and  Masson  staining. The morphology of autophagosomes in aortic tissue was observed under transmission electron microscopy. The expressions of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), myosinlike BCL2-binding protein (Beclin-1), phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), AIM2, Caspase-1, pyroptosis factor D (GSDMD), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) proteins were detected by Western Blot. The mRNA expression of AIM2 was detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in serum and aortic homogenate were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and correlation analysis was performed. [Results] Compared with the MD group, the protein expressions of AIM2, p-mTOR, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, IL-18, and the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18, the mRNA expression AIM2 in the TXD group decreased, while the protein expressions of LC3 and Beclin-1 increased (P＜0.05). Compared with the TXD group, the protein expressions of AIM2, p-mTOR, Caspase-1, GSDMD, and AIM2 mRNA in the NLRP3-/- group increased, while the protein  expressions of IL-18, LC3, Beclin-1, and the serum content of IL-18 decreased (P＜0.05). Compared with the TXD group, the protein expression and serum content of IL-18 in the RGFP966 group decreased (P＜0.05). Correlation analysis showed that LC3 was negatively  correlated with AIM2, GSDMD, IL-1β, IL-18, and p-mTOR was positively correlated with AIM2, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18. [Conclusions] Tianxiang Dan could reduce plaque burden and enhance plaque stability, and its mechanism might be related to the regulation of the autophagy-mTOR-AIM2 inflammatory pathway. 

 摘要：  [Objectives] To investigate the effects of Jianpi Huashi Granules on colonic motility and the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and its receptor 1 (VIP R1) in the colon of rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS) of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome. [Methods] 90 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, positive drug group, Jianpi Huashi Granules low-/medium-/high-dose groups, as well as tonifying group, dampness-eliminating group, and liver-soothing group. The D-IBS model was established by intragastric administration of senna leaf decoction combined with restraint stress. The positive expressions of VIP and VIP R1 in the colon were detected by immunohistochemistry. Colonic motility curves were recorded using a four-channel physiological recorder, and the motility index was calculated. [Results] Compared with the normal group, the model group showed significantly increased colonic motility index and VIP expression (P<0.01), while no significant difference was observed in VIP R1 expression. Compared with the model group, all treatment groups exhibited significantly decreased motility index as well as VIP and VIP R1 expression (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the high-dose group, the dampness-eliminating group showed a significantly increased motility index (P<0.05); the tonifying group and the liver-soothing group showed significantly increased VIP expression (P<0.05, P<0.01); and the liver-soothing group also showed significantly increased positive expression of VIP R1 (P<0.05). [Conclusions] Jianpi Huashi Granules can reduce the expression of VIP and VIP R1 in the colon of D-IBS rats and inhibit colonic motility, and the underlying mechanism may be related to the regulation of the brain-gut axis.

 摘要： [Objectives] To investigate the ameliorative effects of Modified Chaishao Liujunzi Decoction (MCLD) on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its regulatory mechanism on the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. [Methods] A MASLD model in C57BL/6J mice was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. After successful modeling, the mice were randomly divided into a model group and an MCLD group (10 g/kg), with intragastric administration for 4 weeks. Serum levels of ALT, AST, TG, and TC, as well as hepatic contents of MDA, SOD, and GSH, were measured. Hepatic pathological changes were observed by HE and Oil Red O staining. The mRNA and protein expressions of hepatic Nrf2, HO‑1, and NQO1 were detected by qRT‑PCR and Western blot. [Results]: After MCLD intervention, hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation were significantly alleviated. Serum ALT, AST, TG, TC and hepatic MDA content were markedly reduced (P<0.05), while SOD activity and GSH content were significantly increased (P<0.05). MCLD significantly upregulated the mRNA expressions of Nfe2l2, Hmox1, and Nqo1, as well as the protein expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 (P<0.05). [Conclusions] MCLD can improve HFD-induced MASLD by activating the hepatic Nrf2/HO‑1/NQO1 antioxidant signaling pathway, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and reducing lipid peroxidation damage.