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 摘要： This paper systematically introduces the extraction process of the active components from the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia, elucidates the biological functions of these active components, and summarizes their applications in agricultural pest control. Furthermore, the paper examines the future developmental directions of M. alternifolia essential oil in pest control, along with the current challenges associated with its application. The aim is to offer insights for future research on botanical essential oils, particularly regarding their biological functions and applications in agricultural pest control.

 摘要： [Objectives] To investigate the species diversity of wood-decaying fungi in karst regions of southwest China. [Methods] The karst core regions of southwest China, specifically Guizhou, Guangxi, and Yunnan, were investigated for the first time to analyze the species diversity characteristics of wood-decaying fungi in this area. This analysis was conducted through a comprehensive 5-year field investigation and systematic identification process. [Results] The wood-decaying fungi exhibited a distinctive species composition and distribution pattern within karst habitats, encompassing significant groups such as Polyporaceae and Hymenochaetaceae. Furthermore, these fungi demonstrated varying functional characteristics across the two ecological types of standing tree decay and wood decay. It was observed that wood-decaying fungi had a significant impact on the material cycle within karst ecosystems by degrading lignin and cellulose. Furthermore, the distribution of species diversity was closely associated with the characteristics of karst geomorphology and the types of vegetation. [Conclusions] This study not only addresses the lack of background data regarding wood-decaying fungi resources in karst regions, but also elucidates the maintenance mechanisms of fragile ecosystems from the perspective of decomposers. It provides a scientific foundation for biodiversity conservation, the prevention and control of forest diseases, and sustainable ecological management in karst regions.

 摘要： The coastal zone ecological restoration project has successfully restored a cumulative shoreline length of 76 km in Fanhe Harbor and Kaozhou Bay ecological restoration shoreline (mangrove forest) located in Huidong County, Huizhou City. Additionally, 5 619.5 m of artificial shoreline has been developed as part of the ecological restoration efforts. Various methods, including UAV remote sensing, orthophoto acquisition, and analysis using ArcGIS software, were employed to assess the length, width, coverage, and other relevant indicators of the newly established ecologically restored shoreline. The findings indicate that the average width, coverage, and ecosystem stability of mangrove forests in the restored area satisfy the criteria for the acceptance of ecological shoreline restoration. Furthermore, a relatively stable ecosystem has been established for over two years. This study offers a scientific foundation for the ecological restoration of mangrove forests and holds considerable significance for the conservation and utilization of mangrove forest resources.

 摘要： The early-maturing cotton planting area in northern Xinjiang is a significant high-quality cotton production region in China. The screening and identification of early-maturing cotton germplasm resources are essential for the selection and breeding of early-maturing machine-picked cotton varieties, thereby facilitating the development of high-quality early-maturing machine-picked cotton materials. In this study, 19 self-fertilized early-maturing materials were screened and identified. Among these, the varieties G15 and G9 were selected based on their superior overall traits. Notably, the G9 variety exhibited exceptional early-maturing characteristics, with a reproductive period of 116 d.

 摘要： [Objectives] To provide a reference for the promotion of appropriate row spacing configuration modes for cotton planting in the Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang. [Methods] Xinluzao 63 was employed as the research subject to examine the effects of three different configuration modes: three rows with one film, four rows with one film, and six rows with one film, on the growth and development of cotton, as well as on yield and the amount of residual film in the field. [Results] In comparison to the configuration modes of four rows with one film and six rows with one film, the development process in the row spacing configuration mode of three rows with one film was accelerated by 1-4 d. This configuration mode exhibited variability in several agronomic traits, particularly in plant height, the number of fruiting branches per plant, and the number of leaves per plant, with the observed trend indicating T3 > T2 > T1. Conversely, the height of the first fruiting branch node displayed an inverse trend. In terms of yield composition, no significant differences were observed in boll weight and yield among various configuration modes. However, T3 exhibited the highest boll weight at 5.68 g and a yield of 462.67 kg/667 m². Additionally, significant differences were noted in harvesting density and the number of bolls per plant. T3 demonstrated the lowest harvesting density at 1.11×104 plants/666.7 m², the highest number of bolls per plant at 8.63, and the highest boll opening rate at 97.48%. Furthermore, T3 also resulted in the least amount of agricultural film residue during the current season. [Conclusions] Among the three planting configuration modes examined, the low-density planting configuration mode consisting of three rows and one film demonstrated a significant advantage at the individual plant level. This approach yielded results comparable to those of the high density planting configuration mode while also reducing costs. Furthermore, low density planting positively influenced the cotton boll opening rate, leading to a decreased amount of residual film and promoting ecological health within the agricultural land.

 摘要： [Objectives] To investigate the mechanism of endophytic fungi mediating the plant growth and promoting the accumulation of secondary metabolites in Camellia oleifera. [Methods] Four strains of endophytic fungi isolated from the rhizomes of C. oleifera were co-cultured with C. oleifera seedlings individually in sterile soil for 49 d: Didymella sp. (DS), Fusarium sp. (FS), Penicillium sp. (PS), and Clonostachys rosea (CR). [Results] The biological activities of the four fungal strains differed, but all exhibited the ability to promote quercetin accumulation while simultaneously reducing quercetin glycosides after co-culture with C. oleifera seedlings. The DS, FS and PS treatments resulted in a significant increase in the leaf area of C. oleifera, with all of the experimental groups exhibiting a weight increase of over 50% compared to the control (CON) group. [Conclusions] Our findings demonstrate the potential utility of endophytic fungi in the production of C. oleifera, highlighting their capacity to enhance both productivity and the accumulation of plant metabolites.

 摘要： In order to enhance the guidance for Yuluxiang pear cultivation in hilly and mountainous regions, this study provides a comprehensive introduction to various aspects, including the establishment of high-standard orchards and the reinforcement of integrated management techniques, in order to offer a valuable reference for fruit farmers engaged in scientific planting practices.

 摘要： A survey conducted on the premature bolting of Huarong large leaf mustard from 2018 to 2024 revealed that Huarong large leaf mustard sown in middle August was associated with a higher propensity for premature bolting. Furthermore, it was observed that the earlier being sown, the greater the rate of premature bolting when being sown prior to middle August. The rate of premature bolting observed in seedlings  sown on August 8 was recorded at 35.6%. It was noted that as the age of the seedlings increased, the rate of premature bolting correspondingly increased. There were notable differences in the tolerance of various cultivars to elevated temperatures and prolonged sunlight exposure. For instance, cultivars such as Zhangjie 1 and Sichuan Shaguodi, which exhibit greater heat resistance, did not demonstrate premature bolting when been sown in early August. The prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures, drought conditions, and extended periods of sunlight during the seedling stage of Huarong large leaf mustard, coupled with delayed irrigation and transplantation, contributed to the occurrence of premature bolting. The Huarong large leaf mustard, when been sown from late August to early September and transplanted at the appropriate time, exhibited normal growth and development, with no instances of premature bolting observed. It is advisable to select heat-resistant varieties, such as Zhangjie 1, prior to middle August. Huarong large leaf mustard should be sown in early to middle September. Additionally, it is essential to ensure centralized production and timely release of seeds, prompt transplantation and harvesting, and enhance the management of pests and diseases.