 摘要： [Objective] The paper was to investigate the action targets and pathways of tea polyphenols in alleviating heat stress–induced injury by using network pharmacological analysis and an H9C2 cell model. [Method] First, the corresponding targets of tea polyphenols were obtained from the PubChem database. Then, the core targets were screened based on topological parameters. The relevant metabolism pathways of tea polyphenols related to diseases were identified through GO functional annotation and KEGG signaling pathway enrichment. Moreover, common targets for thermal injury and targets of tea polyphenols were obtained. Then, GO functional annotation was performed to explore the pathway of tea polyphenols in alleviating heat stress damage. H9C2 cells were cultured at 42 °C to construct the heat stress model, and the cells were treated with 10 µg/mL tea polyphenols. The key genes were confirmed using RT-PCR technology. [Result] The study yielded 364 targets corresponding to tea polyphenols, including 68 core targets. These targets are related to various biological processes such as involve oxidative stress, cancer, lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathways, antiviral responses, regulation of cellular response to heat, apoptosis, and cellular lipid metabolic metabolism. Tea polyphenols alleviate thermal damage by targeting BCL2, HSP90AA1, HSPA1A, JUN, MAPK1, NFKB1, NFKBIA, NOS3, and TP53. Moreover, 10 mg/L tea polyphenols were found to upregulate the transcription levels of Hsp70, HO-1, NQ-O1, Nrf2, and MAPK1, and the transcription levels of Bax/Bcl2, p38, and JNK were downregulated to alleviate the heat stress–induced injury. [Conclusion] Tea polyphenols may enhance the antioxidant ability of H9C2 cells and inhibit cell apoptosis, thereby reducing heat stress injury.

 摘要： [Objective] The paper was to improve the quality and growth rate of native yellow cattle in Wenzhou. [Method] Three groups of cattle were subjected to artificial insemination using frozen semen from Wagyu bull. The groups consisted of 20 native yellow cattle, 20 Angus cattle, and 20 Luxi yellow cattle. The heifers were subsequently evaluated for body size and body weight, and underwent treatment with estrus synchronization, artificial insemination, and early pregnancy diagnosis. [Result] The mean body size and body weight of native yellow cattle were found to be significantly lower than those of Angus cattle and Luxi yellow cattle (P<0.05). The estrus synchronization rate and mating rate of native yellow cattle were both 100%, while the corresponding rates for Angus cattle and Luxi yellow cattle were 90% and 95%, respectively. The ultrasound examination conducted on the 32nd day following the mating revealed a distinct image of gestation sac, which, when considered alongside the findings of the rectal examination, may be indicative of pregnancy. The conception rates were 75%, 72%, and 74% for native yellow cattle, Angus cattle, and Luxi yellow cattle, respectively. [Conclusion] The reproductive performance of native beef cattle is relatively superior.

 摘要： [Objective] The paper was to identify, isolate, and characterize porcine astrovirus in Shandong Province between 2021 and 2023. [Method] A total of 1 025 samples of porcine diarrhea samples were collected from various regions of Shandong Province between January 2021 and October 2023. The samples were tested by RT-PCR, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the polymerase. [Result] The total positive rate of PAstV was 34.6% (355/1025). The respective proportions of individuals infected with PAstV 1, PAstV 2, PAstV 4 and PAstV 5 were 25.4% (90/355), 28.2% (100/355), 35.2% (125/355) and 22.5% (80/355), respectively. Additionally, mixed infection was observed. Meanwhile, 849 samples of healthy pigs were tested by RT-PCR, and the results demonstrated that the total positive rate of PAstV was 8.13% (69/849). Of these, the proportion of PAstV 1, PAstV 2 and PAstV 4 infection was 27.5% (19/69), 37.7% (26/69) and 40.6% (28/69) ,and a mixed infection also existed. Further sequencing and characterization of some the selected isolates revealed low sequence identities (56.2%) with known PAstV strains, indicating the presence of novel types or genotypes of PAstVs. Furthermore, the isolation conditions of porcine astrovirus were optimized, resulting in the purification of a pure PAstV-4 strain (designated PAstV-4-GRF1). The virus was found to exhibit typical astroviral morphology, with nucleotide identity ranging from 89.9 to 95.4% with previously published PAstV-4 strains. Then, macrovirus transcriptome sequencing showed that 88.30% of the GRF1 samples were mammalian astroviruses. By species classification, PAstV 4 and PAstV 2 accounted for 21.79% and 0.32%, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the c15050 fragment was identical to the GRF-1 sequencing fragment of the isolated strain, and exhibited the highest homology with the Hunan PAstV 4 sequence MK460231 in China. [Conclusion] As the inaugural isolated PAstV-4 strain, it furnishes pivotal material for the investigation of the biological and pathogenic properties of this virus as well as for the prospective development of relevant biological and diagnostic reagents.

 摘要： [Objective] The paper was to establish a fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR method for detection of equine arteritis virus (EAV). [Method] Primers and probes were developed for the EAV ORF7 gene sequence, and the reaction system was optimized. Standard curves were established, leading to the initial development of the EAV fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR assay. The accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of this method were subsequently evaluated. [Result] The EAV fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR assay demonstrated optimal performance at an annealing temperature of 61°C, with a final concentration of primer and probe set at 0.6 μmol/L. The plasmid standard demonstrated a strong linear correlation with Ct values within the range of 1.6×107-1.6×102 copies/μL. The equation of the standard curve was determined to be y= -2.68x+32.88, with an R² value of 0.9927. Consequently, the EAV fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR assay was successfully established. The methodology employed was effective in detecting EAV, Theileria equi, equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1), equine herpesvirus-4 (EHV-4), and equine influenza virus (EIV). The findings indicated that the method was specifically capable of detecting EAV, while the other pathogens tested yielded negative results. The method demonstrated a high degree of specificity. It was employed to detect the standard plasmid cRNA synthesized through in vitro transcription following a 10-fold dilution. The results indicated that the minimum detection limit of the method was 1.6×10² copies/μL, and it exhibited high sensitivity. The coefficient of variation, both within and between groups, was maintained at 1.8%, indicating good reproducibility. In this study, the fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR assay developed was utilized alongside the EAV fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR assay established by previous researchers to analyze a total of 234 clinical samples. Both methods yielded a positive detection rate of 14.1%, and the coincidence rate between the two techniques was found to be 100%. [Conclusion] The fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR assay developed in this study offers a novel approach and concept for the prevention and control of equine viral arteritis (EVA).

 摘要： [Objective] The paper was to investigate the impact of plant extracts replacing anticoccidial drugs on growth performance and fecal coccidia count in broilers. [Method] A total of 234 one-day-old healthy yellow-feathered broilers were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, with 6 replicates in each group and 13 broilers in each replicate. The test lasted for a total of 55 d. The control group was fed the basic diet, the anticoccidial group was fed the basic diet + 500 g/t dinitolmide, and the plant extract group was fed the basic diet + 500 g/t plant extract. [Result] The daily gain of the plant extract group from 1 to 21 days of age was significantly higher than that of the anticoccidial drug group (P<0.05), and the feed/gain ratio was significantly lower than that of the anticoccidial drug group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in daily gain and feed intake between the plant extract group and the anticoccidial drug group from 1 to 55 days of age (P>0.05), and the feed/gain ratio was reduced by 6.30% and the mortality and culling rate was reduced by 10.26%. The number of fecal coccidia at 33 days of age in the plant extract group was found to be significantly lower than that observed in the anticoccidial group and the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the administration of plant extracts resulted in a notable enhancement in the growth performance of chicks aged 1-21 days, when compared with the use of anticoccidial drugs. No significant difference was observed in growth performance between the plant extract and the anticoccidial drugs from 1 to 55 days of age. The administration of plant extracts resulted in a notable reduction in the fecal coccidia count. [Conclusion] Plant extracts may serve as viable alternatives to anticoccidial drugs and show promise for application in animal husbandry.

 摘要： Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has an exemplary role in the treatment and prevention of diseases. However, the advancement of TCM has been constrained by several factors, including its intricate structure, low active ingredient concentration, prolonged growth cycle, and the difficulty in artificial cultivation. In recent years, research on the fermentation technology of TCM has increased. This paper provides an overview of the advantages of TCM fermentation technology, including efficiency enhancement and toxicity reduction, the development of new drugs, and the secondary utilization of dregs. Additionally, it discusses the progress of research on the application of fermented TCM in animal husbandry and disease treatment. The aim is to provide theoretical guidance for TCM fermentation technology research and the development of fermented TCM.

 摘要： [Objective] The paper was to study the contents of Ca and its interaction elements in pig feeds in Guangdong Province. [Method] Creep feed, nursery feed, piglet feed, pregnant sow feed and lactating sow feed were randomly taken from different manufacturers for testing. [Result] The average contents of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and vitamin D3 (VD3) in all kinds of feeds exceeded the Chinese feed additive standards. The contents of trace elements like Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were significantly higher than the standard additions. The contents of Cu, Fe, and Mn in piglet feeds were increased by 27.16 times, 4.47 times and 24.27 times, respectively, and that of Zn was increased by 16.99 times; the ratio of Mg average addition amount to the standard addition was 4.18-5.38; the average contents of Ca and P in feeds were lower than the standard additions, among which Ca decreased by 0.18%-0.44%, P decreased by 0.07%-0.32%, and the proportions of Ca and P were lower than the standard proportion except piglet feed; VD3 addition in pig feeds was significantly higher than the standard addition, in which the content of creep feed was 20.76 times of the standard addition; the average addition of fluorine (F) was increased with the increase of age, and the highest was up to 20.06 mg/kg. [Conclusion] There is a great difference in the addition of each element in pig feeds, and most of them are higher than the standard additions.

 摘要： Microbial fermented feed possesses a natural fermentation flavor and exhibits good palatability. It is not only easily digestible and absorbable by livestock but also non-toxic. Additionally, it has the capacity to inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, facilitate the growth and development of animals, and enhance their immune response, disease resistance, and overall production performance. This paper summarizes the selection of common feed materials and microbial strains used in fermented feed, as well as their effects on the growth performance, muscle quality, antioxidant capacity, and immune function of crayfish. The aim of this study is to provide a reference for the further popularization and application of microbial fermented feed in crayfish aquaculture.